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Perhaps you would like to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel! Niagara Falls is far more than a natural phenomenon. A world Class destination with something for everyone, the city of Niagara Falls Ontario offers thriving night life, one of a kind sightseeing, and adventure for all ages. The Niagara Falls honeymoon and family activities like the Maid of the Mist tour and Marine land are longtime traditions, while new Niagara attraction abound.

Niagara Falls is a set of massive waterfalls located on the Niagara River, straddling the international border of Ontario and the U.S.state of New York. Niagara Falls is composed of two major sections separated by Goat Island: Horseshoe Falls, on the Canadian side of the border and American Falls on the United States side. The smaller Bridal Veil Falls also is located on the American side, separated from the main falls by Luna Island. Niagara Falls was formed when glaciers receded at the end of the Wisconsin glaciations and water from the newly formed Great Lakes carved a path through the Niagara Escarpment en route to the Atlantic Ocean. The Falls are not very high but very wide. More than six million cubic feet of water fall over the crest line every minute in high flow and almost 4 million cubic feet on average. It is the most powerful waterfall in North America.

The Niagara Falls are renowned both for their beauty and as a valuable source of hydroelectric power. Managing he balance between recreational, commercial, and industrial uses has been a challenge for the stewards of the falls since the 1800’s.

Viewpoints on the American Shore generally are astride or behind the falls. The falls face directly toward the Canadian shore. This, the most complete views of Niagara Falls are available from the Canadian shoreline. Thus water diversion and recreational use are regulated by the 1950 Niagara Treaty and is administered by the International Niagara Board of control.

The unusual rock formations did not erode evenly because of the interactions of three major rock formations. One rock formation was composed of erosion resistant limestone and Lockport dolostone. That hard layer of stone eroded more slowly than underlying materials.

Immediately below the hard rock formation comprising about two thirds of the cliff lay a weaker softer sloping formation that was composed mainly of shale, though it has some thin limestone layers. It also contains ancient fossils. In time the river eroded the soft layer that supported the hard layers, undercutting the hard cap rock. Eventually the process carved out the falls.

Submerged in the river in the lower valley, hidden from view, is the Queenston Formation which is composed of shale and fine sandstone. All three formations were laid down in an ancient sea and their differences of character derive from hanging conditions within that sea.

The original Niagara Falls were near the sites of present day Queenstown, Ontario and Lewiston, New York, but erosion of their crest has caused the waterfalls to retreat several miles southward. Just upstream for the Fall current location, Goat Island splits the course of the Niagara River, resulting in the separation of the Canadian Horseshoe Falls to the west from the American and Bridal Veil Falls to the east. Although engineering has slowed erosion and recession in this century, the falls will eventually recede far enough to drain most of Lake Erie,

During the 18th century tourism became popular and by the mid century it was the area’s main industry. Napoleon Bonaparte’s brother Jerome visited the falls with his bride in the early 19th century. demand for passage over the Niagara River led in 1848 to the building of a footbridge and then Charles Ellet’s Niagara Suspension Bridge. A Suspension Bridge was built in 1855. After the American Civil War, the New York Central railroad publicized Niagara Falls as a focus of pleasure and honeymoon visits. With increased railroad traffic, in 1886, Leffert Buck replaced the wood and stone bridge with the predominantly steel bridge that still carries train over the river.

Niagara Falls has long been a source of inspiration for explorers, travelers, artists, authors, filmmakers, residents and visitors, few of whom realize that the falls nearly were devoted exclusively to industrial and commercial use. In the 1870’s sightseers had limited access to Niagara Falls and often had to pay merely for a glimpse, and industrialization threatened to carve up Goat Island to power expanding commercial development. Efforts to preserve the falls and protect them were rewarded in 1885 when Governor Hill signed legislation creating the Niagara Reservation, New York’s first state park. In the same years, the province of Ontario established Queen Victoria Niagara Fall Park for the same purpose. Preservation efforts continued will into the 20th century.

In October 1829, Sam Patch, who called himself The Yankee Leaper jumped from a high tower into the gorge below the falls and survived: this began a long tradition of daredevils trying to go over the Falls. In 1901, 63 year old school teacher Annie Edson Taylor was the first person to go over the Falls in a barrel as a publicity stunt; she survived, bleeding, but virtually unharmed. Soon after exiting the barrel she said, “No one should ever try that again.” Since that time 14 people have intentionally gone over the Fall in or on a device. Some have survived unharmed, but other s have drowned or been severely injured. It is illegal on both sides of the border to attempt to go over the Falls and charges with stiff fines await the survivors.

Other daredevils try crossing the Falls walking on tightropes and Captain Matthew Webb, the first man to swim the English Channel drowned in 1883 trying to swim across the whirlpools and rapids down river.

The Falls have been featured in movies and on television. From the influx of visitors following the 1953 movie Niagara to the performance in 1990 in which illusionist David Copperfield appeared to travel over the Falls. Annual visits to the Falls increased to 14 million in 2003 and increased again when location footage of the Falls was used to portray “Worlds End” of the movie Pirates of the Caribbean: At World’s End.

Peak numbers of visitors occur in the summertime, when Niagara Falls are both a daytime and evening attraction. Floodlight illuminate both sides of the Falls un midnight. 20 million visitors are expected in 2007. The best known attraction is the Maid of the Mist boat cruise which carries you into the whirlpools beneath the falls. (It is quite a ride!)

From the US side Prospect Point Observation Tower, foot brides provide the best views of the Falls and on the Canadian side Queen Victoria Park features lovely gardens platforms offering spectacular views of the Falls and underground walkways leading into observation room which yield the illusion of being within the falling waters. (Do not miss this experience!)

There are two casinos on the Canadian Side. May 18 to September there are Free fireworks displays over the Falls and free concerts on Fridays and Saturdays. The Winter Festival of Lights and Fireworks begin on the first Saturday in November unto December 21. Every evening beginning at dusk the Falls are lit in colors of the rainbow. (Do not miss the unbelievable beauty of the Fall at night)!

Niagara Falls in the “Honeymoon Capital of the World.” It is ideal for couples wishing to be married in the most romantic settings in the world. Wedding services is a thriving business in the area. There are beautiful venues for the ceremony including chapels and quaint bed and breakfasts. 50 hotels offer splendid accommodations for wedding parties and don not forget your official Niagara Falls Marriage Certificate. There is no waiting period for the certificate.

Motorists crossing the U.S/Niagara will find duty free shops open year round in Canada

Niagara group tours are an entertaining and social way to see the Falls attractions. Local companies offer sightseeing tours and double decker tours lend a different perspective to the city. To more than 12 million annual visitors, Niagara is magic. There are 40 world class golf courses, over 70 award winning wineries and 20 kilometers of spectacular cycling an hiking trails, the Niagara Region is more than you can possible imagine.

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